The Impact Of Mrna Modifications On Ribosomal Translation

Impact of mRNA modifications on ribosomal translation The incorporation of a single nucleotide modification like m6A, m5C, á ´ ª or 2†²-O-methylated nucleotides in the coding regions of bacterial mRNA could either prematurely terminate protein synthesis or reduce the translation efficiency. These findings have escalated the interest in investigating the potential roles of mRNA modifications as the regulators of gene expression. SEE ARTICLE P. 852 DIMPLE CHAVAN Regulation of protein synthesis and gene expression in every prokaryotic and eukaryotic organism is a multiplex process. The regulation of protein synthesis is associated with several factors such as regulatory proteins, regulating non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), correct assembly of†¦show more content†¦However, no evidence was provided to show how mRNA modifications can be linked to ribosomal translation. Using the systematic approaches Hoernes et. al. has successfully put forth the results that conclude a direct link between mRNA modifications and ribosomal translation. They introduced m5C, m6A, ÃŽ ¨ or 2†²-O-methylated nucleotides at specific codon positions (i.e. first, second or third position, respectively) within the bacterial ErmCL mRNA using splinted ligation protocol. Peptide products produced after the translation of modified mRNA were analyzed using mass spectroscopy to reveal any change occurring in the cognate amino acid sequence due to nucleotide modifications. They also investigated whether these modifications would result in the termination of protein synthesis or ribosome stalling using toe-printing assay. Hoernes et. al. provided a compelling evidence of how the effects on translation were strongly dependent on the type as well as the position of modifications occurring in the mRNA. Almost complete inhibition of protein synthesis was observed when 2nd codon position was modified with 2†²-O-methylated nucleosides. In contrast, the nucleotide modification at the first codon position hardly affected the translation process. Methylation of lysine codons (codon triplet: AAA) and pseudouridylation of phenylalanine codon (codonShow MoreRelatedSio1 Case Study1645 Words   |  7 Pagesspecifically modifies lysine 418 on ADAR1 and causes a decrease in editing activity (Desterro, et al., 2005). In addition, SUMO-1 colocalizes with ADAR1 in the nucleus and may regulate ADAR 1 somehow in the nucleus to keep it inactive. Thus, the modification by SUMO1 on ADAR 1 and the colocalization of SUMO1 and ADAR 1 in the nucleus may be important in regulating ADAR 1 in a molecular level that is not yet known. 1.1 If SUMO-1 is mutated, does RNA editing activity change? I will first confirm theRead MoreThe Invention Of Phase Contrast Microscopy By The Nobel Prize Winner Frits Zernike1450 Words   |  6 PagesAfter the 1960 numerous discovers made a huge impact in the modern science, one of these is the study on the rRNA which lead to the conclusion that the nucleolus is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and nascent ribosome assembly.1 In the early 70s it was observed that the ribonu-cleoprotein precursors to ribosomes contain two classes of protein. The difference between these proteins was thought to be that one class could be recognized as ribosomal proteins, which are labeled with radioactive aminoRead MoreChanges And Development Of The Aging Process1972 Words   |  8 Pageshave recently focused in epigenetic mechanisms, and a growing number of epigenetic alterations in AD have been described recently (5). The best characterized epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs). It is becoming increasingly evident the interplay between these mechanisms to establish the epigenetic states and expression patterns of many mammalian genes (1–3). For instance, it has been describedRead MoreCell Biology Final Essay30093 Words   |  121 Pagesfunction in conjunction with enzymes to carry chemical groups betwee n substrates. A) True B) False 242. The activity of enzymes can be controlled by the binding of small molecules, by interaction with other proteins, and by covalent modifications. A) True B) False 243. ATP serves to transfer energy from energy-producing to energy-requiring reactions. A) True B) False 244. Glycolysis starts from glucose or fatty acids. A) True B) False 245. Most of the ATP derived